Resource Library

The key difference between hubs, switches and bridges is that hubs operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model, while bridges and switches work with MAC addresses at Layer 2 of the OSI model.

Whether you’re a beginner or intermediate Python developer, you’ll want to keep this guide close to your keyboard and Python editors. In it, you’ll find sample use cases for many of the most common language constructs and tasks that you’ll likely need to perform, such as reading a file or working with a database.

If any of the following reminiscences ring true to you, have you moved beyond them? If not, it might be time to make some new discoveries.

The process of learning how to subnet IP addresses begins with understanding binary numbers and decimal conversions along with the basic structure of IPv4 addresses. This paper focuses on the mathematics of binary numbering and IP address structure.